The journey of Joseph and Mary from Nazareth to Bethlehem, as described in Christian tradition, marks a pivotal moment in history –at least, for Christians. But it also highlights the historical and geographical significance of Jordan, a key region that provided sanctuary and shelter during this critical journey.

While the scriptures do not specify their exact route, the most plausible reconstruction suggests that the Holy Family traversed large portions of modern-day Jordan. This territory offered safety and hospitality in a time fraught with challenges.

Jordan: The heart of a safe and meaningful route 

During Joseph and Mary’s time, routes from Nazareth to Bethlehem included more direct paths such as passing through Samaria or following the road now known as Via Maris along the Mediterranean shore. However, both options posed significant challenges. The route through Samaria carried risks due to tensions between Jewish and Samaritan communities. Meanwhile, the Via Maris, while well-traveled, crossed Hellenized regions that were less accommodating to an observant Jewish family with limited resources. 

By contrast, the route through the Jordan River Valley—much of it in what is now Jordan—offered a longer but safer alternative. This path, frequented by Jewish pilgrims, ensured access to water, provisions, and cultural familiarity. Jordan became an essential corridor for those traveling from Galilee to Bethlehem.

A historical passage through Jordan

The journey likely began in Nazareth, with the Holy Family descending into the Jordan Valley through the Harod region, east of Mount Tabor. Crossing the Jordan River, they would have entered the northern Decapolis region, in present-day Jordan. This strategic detour allowed them to bypass the tensions of Samaria, traveling instead through a more secure and hospitable environment.

Upon entering Jordan, Joseph and Mary may have proceeded southward to Pella, now in the Irbid district. Pella, a significant city of the Decapolis, was renowned for its cultural diversity and hospitality. It provided an ideal resting point for travelers to replenish supplies before continuing.

(A tourist visiting the ruins of Pella)

From Pella, the route followed the eastern banks of the Jordan River, through today’s Balqa and Ghour regions. This leg of the journey was relatively flat but could be arduous due to muddy terrain and seasonal rains common in December. Nevertheless, the proximity to the river ensured access to water and shade—crucial for their extended travels.

By the fourth day, the family might have reached Livias, now Tell er-Rameh, near the Dead Sea. Livias served as a key waypoint for pilgrims, offering a vital place to rest and prepare before tackling the more strenuous stages of their journey.

On the fifth day, Joseph and Mary likely left Jordanian territory. Crossing the Jordan River marked the end of their time in Jordan and the beginning of their ascent toward Jerusalem and Bethlehem.

Jordan: a timeless refuge

The Holy Family’s passage through Jordan underscores the region’s importance in the historical and spiritual narrative of the journey to Bethlehem. Jordan was not merely a segment of the route but a haven, offering safety, hospitality, and resources in uncertain times. It stands as a testament to the interplay of geography, culture, and human resilience.

The choice of this route reflects not only the practical realities of the era but also the cultural and spiritual richness of Jordan. Today, the territory remains a bridge between cultures and faiths, echoing its historical role as a space of convergence. It was in these landscapes that the foundation was laid for one of history’s most transformative events.