Located on the east bank of the Jordan River, nine kilometers north of the Dead Sea, Al Maghtas, the famed “Bethany beyond the Jordan” of the Gospels, is a site of incalculable historical and spiritual value. It is a main Christian pilgrimage destination, but also an important archaeological site with important remains from the Roman and Byzantine periods.

Al Maghtas has deep spiritual significance for Christians, as it is believed that Jesus Christ was baptized there by John the Baptist, marking the beginning of his public ministry. Biblical tradition also places two significant biblical events on this side of the Jordan: the crossing of the Jordan by the Israelites led by Joshua, and the ascension of the prophet Elijah to heaven in a chariot of fire.

To understand how significant this place is for Christians, we must remember that baptism is not just a rite of purification: it is the first sacrament received by believers, the gateway to faith and membership in the community. Indeed, the water of the Jordan is the only water in the world that does not need to be blessed to be deemed “holy:” it is considered always-already blessed. It is a tradition for pilgrims to take home bottles of this water for use at baptisms and other occasions.

An impressive early Christian complex

The archaeological value of the Al Maghtas complex is vast, and a number of discoveries have shed light on the historical, religious significance of the site. In the tell of Al-Kharrar, also known as Jabal Mar Elias, remains of churches, chapels, a monastery, and grottoes that served as hermitages have been found. The tombs and pottery troughs discovered have made it possible to date and better understand the settlement. 

Al Maghtas was already an important place of pilgrimage as early as in the 2nd century. It is mentioned by ancient authors such as Meliton of Sardis, Eusebius, and Origen. The latter visited the region to study and follow in the footsteps of Christ and the prophets. Origen identified Bethany beyond the Jordan with Bayt ‘Abara (The Crossing), where John baptized.

Wadi Al-Kharrar was the center of an active monastic life, with hermits living in caves carved into the limestone and meeting weekly for liturgical celebrations. A monastery with four churches developed between the 4th and 6th centuries at Tell Mar Elias, just above the springs that feed the river. An inn between the monastery and the river once offered lodging to pilgrims who came to these blessed waters. 

Three Popes have already visited Al Maghtas, John Paul II in 2000, Benedict XVI in 2009 and Francis in 2014.

World Heritage Site

After centuries of neglect, excavations at Bethany Beyond the Jordan began in 1996, which allowed archaeologists and church authorities access to the site. New infrastructure was built, including a road, visitor center, and walkways. Several Christian denominations have built churches in the area, most notably the golden-domed Greek Orthodox Church of St. John the Baptist. 

Today, Al Maghtas remains an important pilgrimage destination for Christians from around the world. Guided tours allow pilgrims and tourists to explore the ruins and get a sample of the rich history of the site. The site is accessible from the touristy Dead Sea, and many visitors participate in baptismal rituals in the Jordan River, following in the footsteps of Jesus and John. In 2015, Bethany Beyond the Jordan was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.